It can be measured very simple optically via a sensor on the finger or if an ECG is measured, it can also be derived directly from this. The today common pulse watches and fitness tracker also provide a pulse rate.

However, this is very inaccurate because beats are sometimes skipped by theses devices, which is sufficient for tracking of fitness but leads to artifacts in experiments and may cause misinterpretation.

• Significance for the emotional intensity: high
• Informative value on the kind of emotion: low
• Informative value on the mental workload: low
• Effort: extractable via a pulse oximeter (finger clip) or from an ECG